Bithionol |
Last updated: 23/05/2024 |
(Also known as: bithionolate; bisoxyphen) |
SUMMARY |
Bithionol is a multi-use chemical that is now largely obsolete. It was once used as a fungicide, wood preservative and also has veterinary applications. It has a very low aqueous solubility but little else is known about its environmental fate or its ecotoxicology. This substance is highly toxic to mammals via the oral route. |
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A bridged diphenyl drug with antibacterial and anthelmintic properties which is now largely obsolete | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries | |
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Used to treat tapeworms (Anoplocephala perfoliata) and liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica) | |
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Horses; Sheep |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₂H₆Cl₄O₂S | |
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C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Cl)O)SC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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JFIOVJDNOJYLKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H6Cl4O2S/c13-5-1-7(15)11(17)9(3-5)19-10-4-6(14)2-8(16)12(10)18/h1-4,17-18H | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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bithionol | - | |
bithional sulfoxide | Variant |
General status |
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Anthelmintic, Antiparasitic | |
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Therapeutic drug, Wood preservative | |
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Bridged diphenyl fungicide | |
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>97% | |
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Synthetic | |
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An uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation | |
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[Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1, Inhibitor], [Calpain, Inhibitor], [Estrogen receptor, Inhibitor], [Estrogen receptor beta, Inhibitor] | |
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97-18-7 | |
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202-565-0 | |
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None allocated | |
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064201 | |
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2406 | |
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No data found | |
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Anthelmintics: Antitrematodals: Other antitrematodal agents | |
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QP02BX01 | |
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No | |
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356.05 | |
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2,2'-sulfanediylbis(4,6-dichlorophenol) | |
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2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol) | |
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2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol) | |
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White crystalline powder with a faint odour |
Formulations |
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4.0 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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188 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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445 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.13 X 1005 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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5.91 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.73 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4.82 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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pKa(2)=10.50 | |||||||||||
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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7.0 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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7.0 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 100 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 18.0 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause skin disorders Toxic if ingested May cause diarrhoea and fatigue |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 When heated to decomposition will emit toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides |
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
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bithionol | ||
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bithionol | ||
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bitionol | ||
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Record last updated: | 23/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |