Sanguinarine |
![]() Last updated: 16/09/2025 |
![]() |
(Also known as: Macleaya extract) |
|
![]() |
|
Natural feed additive | |
---|---|---|
|
Helps reduce the impact of enteric infections, such as those caused by E. coli and Clostridium perfringens | |
|
Swine; Poultry; Ruminants |
Approval status |
|
Not approved | |
---|---|---|
|
Not approved |
Chemical structure |
|
None | |
---|---|---|
|
C₂₀H₁₄NO₄ | |
|
C[N+]1=C2C(=C3C=CC4=C(C3=C1)OCO4)C=CC5=CC6=C(C=C52)OCO6 | |
|
No data | |
|
INVGWHRKADIJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
|
InChI=1S/C20H14NO4/c1-21-8-15-12(4-5-16-20(15)25-10-22-16)13-3-2-11-6-17-18(24-9-23-17)7-14(11)19(13)21/h2-8H,9-10H2,1H3/q+1 | |
|
Yes |
|
![]() |
Common Name | Relationship | Link |
---|---|---|
sanguinarine | - | ![]() |
General status |
|
- | |
---|---|---|
|
Antimicrobial | |
|
Plant-derived substance | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Natural | |
|
Induces the release of membrane-bound cell wall autolytic enzymes, which eventually result in lysis of the cell | |
|
[Transcription factor NF-κB, Inhibitor], [B-cell lymphoma 2, Down regulator], [P-glycoprotein (P-gp), Inhibitor], [ROS induction] | |
|
2447-54-3 | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
None allocated | |
|
No | |
|
- | |
|
332.36 | |
|
13-methyl(1,3)benzodioxolo(5,6-c)-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-i)phenanthridin-13-ium | |
|
13-methyl(1,3)benzodioxolo(5,6-c)-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-i)phenanthridin-13-ium | |
|
13-methyl(1,3)benzodioxolo(5,6-c)-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-i)phenanthridinium | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Orange-red coloured crystalline solid |
Commercial |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Current | |||
|
Ancient use in vet medicine of plant extract; Early 1990s, first isolated; 2013, not approved UK | |||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Formulations are typically offered as water-soluble powders, premixes or granules | |||
|
The commercial production of sanguinarine typically begins with the extraction from plants such as Macleaya cordata, Sanguinaria canadensis or Chelidonium majus. These plants are cultivated under controlled agricultural conditions, and their aerial parts, especially the roots and stems, are harvested and dried. The dried biomass undergoes solvent extraction, often using ethanol or methanol, followed by purification steps like liquid-liquid partitioning and column chromatography to isolate sanguinarine. Advanced producers may use supercritical fluid extraction or membrane filtration to enhance yield and purity. | |||
|
Data for specific plant extracts is scarce. However, from publicly available data the carbon footprint of these types of products has been estimated at between 1.0 and 4.0 kg CO₂e per kg of product. This depends on the plant oil content, agricultural practices and processing methods used. |
|
![]() |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
266 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- |
Degradation |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
|
- |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- |
Fate indices |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- | - |
Known metabolites |
None
|
![]() |
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1660 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Aquatic ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - | |||
|
- | - | - |
|
![]() |
General |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
|
1660 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
2.2 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
|
Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 125 mg kg⁻¹ | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rabbit3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 18 mg kg⁻¹ | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | |||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
Mainly excreted through hepatic metabolism, followed by renal elimination of its metabolites | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- |
Health issues |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Anti-inflammatory Some evidence to suggest it has anti-cancer properties Toxic if ingested |
Handling issues |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Corrosive | |||
|
- | |||
|
Not listed (Not listed) | |||
|
- | |||
|
- | |||
|
- |
|
![]() |
|
|
||
---|---|---|---|
|
sanguinarine | ||
|
chlorure de sanguinarine | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- |
Record last updated: | 16/09/2025 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |