Morphine |
Last updated: 21/05/2024 |
(Not known by any other names) |
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A human and veterinary opiate type drug usually administered as the sulphate salt | |
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Mainly used to treat both acute and chronic severe pain. | |
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Dogs; Cats; Horses; Primates |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₁₇H₁₉NO₃ | |
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CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)OC3C(C=C4)O | |
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CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O | |
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BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-/m0/s1 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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morphine | - |
General status |
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Medicinal drug: narcotic, analgesic | |
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Morphinan | |
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Natural | |
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Morphine acts on a specific receptor of nerve cells. | |
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[Mu-type opioid receptor, Agonist], [Kappa-type opioid receptor, Agonist], [Delta-type opioid receptor, Agonist] | |
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57-27-2 | |
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200-320-2 | |
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Natural opium alkaloids | |
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QN02AA01 | |
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EU: UN61/72, Class I | |
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285.34 | |
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(5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol | |
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(5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol | |
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(5R,6S,9R,13S,14R)-4,5-epoxy-N-methyl-7-morphinen-3,6-diol | |
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White crystalline, odourless solid |
Formulations |
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149 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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190 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Sublimes3 = Unverified data of known source |
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250 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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7.76 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.89 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.32 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.21 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Acid: max @ 285nm Alkali: max @ 298nm |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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461 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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1.0 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio 14 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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461 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 100 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 140 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Hepatic metabolism | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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CNS toxicant May cause low blood pressure, drowsiness, vomiting and constipation May be fatal if swallowed in high doses |
Handling issues |
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Will emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxide when heated to decomposition Dust may form explosive mixture with air Incompatible with alkalies, lead acetate, chlorides, strong oxidising agents, ferric salts & iodides |
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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morphine | ||
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Morphin | ||
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morfina | ||
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morphin | ||
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Record last updated: | 21/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |