Amitraz (Ref: ENT 27967) |
Last updated: 22/08/2024 |
(Also known as: amitraze; amitrazum ; BTS 27419; BAAM; U-36059) |
SUMMARY |
Amitraz is an amidine acaricide and insecticide. It is volatile, almost insoluble in water and, based on its chemical properties, is only slightly mobile with a low potential for leaching to groundwater. It is not persistent in soil systems, degradation being very rapid and would also not be expected to persistent in surface water under normal conditions. Amitraz has a moderate mammalian toxicity and there is some concern regarding its potential for bioaccumulation. It is considered to be a neurotoxin. Amitraz has a high to moderate toxicity to most terrestrial and aquatic species, the main exception being algae for which amitraz has a low level of toxicity. |
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An amidine topically applied insecticide | |
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Current | |
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circa 1972, introduced | |
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Once used to treat demodicosis mange. It is also used as a topical treatment for flea and tick infestations; and in-hive to control honeybee varroa mite infestations | |
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Dogs; Pigs; Cattle; Sheep; Bees |
Approval status |
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Approved (bees only) | |
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Approved (bees only) |
Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₉H₂₃N₃ | |
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CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)N=CN(C)C=NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C)C)C | |
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- | |
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QXAITBQSYVNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C19H23N3/c1-14-6-8-18(16(3)10-14)20-12-22(5)13-21-19-9-7-15(2)11-17(19)4/h6-13H,1-5H3/b20-12+,21-13+ | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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amitraz | - |
General status |
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Antiparasitic | |
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Amidine insecticide; Formamidine insecticide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-systemic having contact and respiratory action. Acts on nervous system. Octopamine receptor agonist. | |
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[Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor], [5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7], [Cytochrome P450 1A2], [Interleukin-1 alpha], [Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor], [Cytochrome P450 2C19], [C-C motif chemokine 2], [Cytochrome P450 1A1 | |
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33089-61-1 | |
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251-375-4 | |
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362 | |
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106201 | |
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36324 | |
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612-086-00-2 | |
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Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Ecoparasiticides, insecticides & repellents | |
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QP53AD51 / QP53AD01 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Ovine, Porcine, Caprine, Bees) | |
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293.41 | |
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N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-{[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl}-N-methylmethanimidamide | |
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N,N'-[(methylimino)dimethylidyne]di-2,4-xylidine | |
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N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-N-methylmethanimidamide | |
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PAN Bad Actor Chemical; Cannot be used on horses | |
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- | |
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Straw coloured crystalline solid |
Formulations |
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Aludex 50g/l Conc | Intervet Ltd | Not licensed | Not licensed | ||||||
Promeris Duo Spot on for small dogs | Pfizer Ltd | Not licensed | Not licensed | |||||||
Apivar 500 mg bee-hive strips for honey bees | Laboratories Calier SA | GB National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM-GSL) | |||||||
Apivar Bee-hive strips | Veto-Pharma | GB National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM-GSL) | |||||||
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Currently only licensed for use in bee hives to treat Varroa destructor parasites. Supplied as impregnated strips for suspending inside the hive |
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0.1 | W4 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal. Dataset no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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87 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Decomposes before boiling | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.16 X 1005 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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5.5 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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1.13 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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9.8 | DW4 DW = Don Wauchope personal database for Pka data: Wauchope, R. D. and Edwards, J. Dissociation constants for pesticide active ingredients: a database and comparison with predicted values. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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0.051 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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1.06 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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0.2 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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0.2 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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1 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Literature DT₅₀ studies range 0.1-2 days | ||||||||||
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- | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Stable in UV light | ||||||||||
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1 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 2hrs at pH 5, 1.1 days at pH 9, rapid hydrolysis | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | W3 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal. Dataset no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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1000 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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0.00 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1838 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Threshold for concern | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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Minor fraction | - | Aerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Anaerobic | |||||
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Major fraction | - | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | - | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Anaerobic | |||||
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Minor fraction | - | Aerobic |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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800 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) Rat 2 yr3 = Unverified data of known source |
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50 | - | |||||||||
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788 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Colinus virginianus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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50 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | |||||||
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Moderately harmful at dose 360 g ha⁻¹ | AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Chrysoperla carnea3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Harmful at dose 360 g ha⁻¹ | AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Typhlodromus pyri3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.74 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.00353 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pimephales promelas3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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4.25 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.035 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.002 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna LOEC3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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4.7 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 8.0 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Chironomus riparius 48 hr3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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12 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Raphidocelis subcapitata3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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800 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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200 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rabbit3 = Unverified data of known source |
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65.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 800 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.003 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.01 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact | ||||||||||
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In mammals urine is the major route of excretion. 55-74% of the dose was excreted after dosing within first 24hrs | P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data |
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Health issues |
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Ingestion may cause slow heart beat, low blood pressure, sedation and low body temperature US EPA - possible human carcinogen |
Handling issues |
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Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable | |||
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Health: H302, H317, H373 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraze | ||
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Amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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amitraz | ||
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Record last updated: | 22/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |