Pentobarbitone |
Last updated: 21/05/2024 |
(Also known as: nembutal ; pentobarbital) |
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A barbituate veterinary drug used, as the sodium salt, as euthenasia and antiseizure medication | |
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Used for euthenasia and as antiseizure medication | |
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Dogs; Cats; Mink; Small mammals |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₁₁H₁₈N₂O₃ | |
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CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)CC | |
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WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C11H18N2O3/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16) | |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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pentobarbitone | - |
General status |
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Medicinal drug: seizure control, euthenasia | |
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Barbituric acid derivative | |
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Binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor | |
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[Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5 & alpha6, Potentiator], [Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 & alpha7, Antagonist], [Glutamate receptor 2, Antagonist] | |
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76-74-4 | |
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200-983-8 | |
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Products for animal euthanasia: Barbituates; Antiepileptics/barbiturates and derivatives and is usually used as the sodium salt | |
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QN51AA01; QN03AA02 | |
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UK: Class B, Schedule 3; EU: UN71, Class III | |
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226.27 | |
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5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione | |
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5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione | |
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5-ethyl-5-(2-pentyl)-barbituic acid | |
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Fine white, odourless powder | |
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Formulations |
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Usually formulated as a solution for injection |
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679 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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129.5 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.26 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.1 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.11 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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170 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 2263 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio Larva3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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170 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 108 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 33 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rabbit3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Hepatic metabolism mainly eliminated in the urine | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May induce a sedative & hypnotic effect CNS toxicant Possible liver and kidney toxicant |
Handling issues |
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Will emit toxic fumes when heated to decomposition | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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pentobarbitone | ||
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Record last updated: | 21/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |