Phenobarbital |
Last updated: 20/03/2024 |
(Also known as: phenobarbitone; phenylethylbarbiturate; fenobarbitol) |
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A barbiturate anticonvulsant veterinary drug | |
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Current | |
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Mainly used to treat seizure, as a sedative and as an antianxiety medication | |
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Cats; Dogs; Ferrets; Horses; Sheep |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₃ | |
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CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 | |
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- | |
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DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H12N2O3/c1-2-12(8-6-4-3-5-7-8)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h3-7H,2H2,1H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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phenobarbital | - |
General status |
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Barbiturate; Anticonvulsant | |
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Barbiturate | |
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Synthetic | |
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A nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. | |
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[Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1, Potentiator], [Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4, Antagonist], [Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7, Antagonist], [Glutamate receptor 2, Antagonist], [Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2, Antagonist], [NMDA receptor, Antagonist], [Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2, Activator] | |
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50-06-6 | |
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200-007-0 | |
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4763 | |
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Antiepileptics, Barbiturates and derivatives | |
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QN03AA02 | |
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UK: Class B, Schedule 3; EU: UN71, Class IV | |
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- | |
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232.23 | |
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5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione | |
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5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione | |
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White crystalline powder |
Formulations |
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Epiphen 30 mg Tables | Vetoquinol UK Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Epityl 60mg Flavoured Tables for Dogs | Chanelle Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing Ltd | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Phenoleptil 50 mg Tablets for Dogs | Dechra Regulatory BV | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
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Available in a range of formulations including liquids for adding to feed and tablets for oral use |
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34.8 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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174 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.95 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.47 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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7.3 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.557 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Substance may enter the environment via the faeces of treated animals |
Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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162 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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484 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Pimephales promelas4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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1460 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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162 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Pattern of use is unlikely to result in toxicological relevant exposure | |||||||||
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Pattern of use is unlikely to result in toxicological relevant exposure | ||||||||||
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Eliminated mainly via kidney and faeces | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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CLP data - suspected carcinogen |
Handling issues |
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Combustible Incompatible with strong oxidising substances |
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Health: H360, H351, H317, H201 | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. Aqueous solutions are unstable. |
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phenobarbital | ||
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Record last updated: | 20/03/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |