Lubabegron fumerate (Ref: LY-488756)

Lubabegron fumerate (Ref: LY-488756)	Last updated: 15/09/2025
(Also known as: lubabegron)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A veterinary drug consisting of freebase lubabegron and fumaric acid in the ratio 2:1.

Examples of veterinary uses

Used to reduce ammonia emissions from animals and their waste

Examples of species treated

Cattle

Approval status

VMR 2013/2033 approval status (GB/UK)

Not approved

EU Regulatory approval status

Not approved

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Lubabegron fumarate exhibits stereoisomerism due to the presence of a single chiral centre in its molecular structure, which is located on the beta-carbon of the hydroxypropyl side chain, which is attached to the amine group. The biologically active form is the (2S)-enantiomer. The fumarate component is a geometric (E/Z) isomer, with the fumaric acid existing in the trans (E) configuration, which contributes to the salt’s stability and solubility but does not affect chirality.

Chemical formula

C₆₂H₆₂N₆O₁₀S₂

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=CC=N2)C#N)NCC(COC3=CC=CC=C3C4=CC=CS4)O.CC(C)(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=CC=N2)C#N)NCC(COC3=CC=CC=C3C4=CC=CS4)O.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Isomeric SMILES

CC(C)(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=CC=N2)C#N)NC[C@@H](COC3=CC=CC=C3C4=CC=CS4)O.CC(C)(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=CC=N2)C#N)NC[C@@H](COC3=CC=CC=C3C4=CC=CS4)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\C(=O)O

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

MEEKSPBNXICJNQ-CXUXXADZSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/2C29H29N3O3S.C4H4O4/c2*1-29(2,17-21-11-13-24(14-12-21)35-28-22(18-30)7-5-15-31-28)32-19-23(33)20-34-26-9-4-3-8-25(26)27-10-6-16-36-27;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h2*3-16,23,32-33H,17,19-20H2,1-2H3;1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;;2-1+/t2*23-;/m00./s1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Veterinary substance type

Other bioactivity & uses

Ammonia suppressant

Substance groups

Unclassified substance

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Lubabegron has three main mechanisms (1) improved responsiveness to insulin, (2) reduced blood urea nitrogen, and (3) increased use of amino acids for muscle protein synthesis

Molecular targets

[Beta3-Adrenergic receptor, Agonist], [Beta1 & Beta2-Adrenergic receptor, Antagonist]

CAS RN

391926-19-5

EC number

691-417-2

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

71587727

Therapeutic Class

Miscellaneous non-therapeutic agents

ATCvet Code

QV07AQ01

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

Molecular mass

1115.3

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(E)-but-2-enedioic acid;2-[4-[2-[[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(2-thiophen-2-ylphenoxy)propyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]phenoxy]pyridine-3-carbonitrile

CAS name

Forever chemical

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

Commercial

Property

Value

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2018, first registration USA

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Elanco Animal Health

Example products using this active

Experior

Formulation and application details

Usually formulated as a Type A Medicated Article, intended to be mixed into cattle feed.

Commercial production

The production of lubabegron fumarate begins with the multi-step chemical synthesis of its core structure, a substituted pyridine-carbonitrile scaffold. The process involves stereoselective alkylation to introduce the (2S)-hydroxypropylamine side chain, followed by etherification with a thiophenyl-phenoxy moiety to form the full pharmacophore. Once the active base compound is synthesised and purified, typically via chromatographic separation, it is reacted with fumaric acid to form the fumarate salt.

Impact on climate of production and use

Published GHG data is not available for most pharmaceuticals. However, according to industry, global averages suggest producing 1 kg of a typical active pharmaceutical ingredient can range from 10 to 100 kg CO₂e for small molecule drugs and potentially up to 1000 kg CO₂e for complex biologicals such as vaccines, depending on the drug type, its formulation, complexity of synthesis, solvent recovery, and energy sources used.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

6.01

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

175.4

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.98 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.60

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

5.46

PKa(2)=8.86

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

10100

Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Refractive Index

Environmental release

The primary route of environmental exposure to lubabegron will be from cattle manure spread to land

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

513

Very persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

513

Very persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

1706

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

USEPA data: Lab studies DT₅₀ range 289-866 days, Dt90 range 960-2879 days, Soils=4

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

3557

Non-mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

198988

Notes and range

USEPA data: K_d range 3051-3887 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 47347-370420 mL g⁻¹, Soils=5

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-3.52

Calculated

Low leachability

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.62

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.41

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.012

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (EC₅₀)

0.025

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (NOEC)

0.015

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Eliminated through hepatic metabolism, followed by biliary and faecal excretion

Health issues

Specific human health issues (hazard-based)

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

No data found

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Store at or below 25 DegC

TRANSLATIONS

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Name

English

lubabegron fumerate

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Record last updated:	15/09/2025
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242