Piperonyl butoxide (Ref: ENT 14250) |
Last updated: 24/10/2024 |
(Also known as: PBO; butacide; butoxide) |
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An unclassified synergist used in a wide variety of insecticides to provide enhanced performance of the active ingredient | |
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Current | |
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circa 1950, introduced | |
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Typically used in products for lice, flea and fliy infestations | |
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Cats; Dogs; Horses; Pigeons; Caged birds |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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- | |
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C₁₉H₃₀O₅ | |
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CCCCOCCOCCOCC1=CC2=C(C=C1CCC)OCO2 | |
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No data | |
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FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C19H30O5/c1-3-5-7-20-8-9-21-10-11-22-14-17-13-19-18(23-15-24-19)12-16(17)6-4-2/h12-13H,3-11,14-15H2,1-2H3 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Product performance enhancer | |
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Synergist | |
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Cyclic aromatic substance; Synergist | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Blocks pests natural detoxification system. Synergist. P450-dependent monooxygenase inhibitor. | |
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[Cytochrome P-450, Inhibitor] | |
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51-03-6 | |
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200-076-7 | |
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33 | |
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067501 | |
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- | |
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Sensory organs: Otological substances | |
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QS02QA | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Equidae) | |
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338.44 | |
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- | |
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5-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole | |
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5-((2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole | |
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Listed on USA Toxic Release Inventory; Some applications may be approved under GB Biocides Products Regulations | |
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- | |
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Colourless to yellow oily liquid | |
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Formulations |
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Beaphar Cat Flea Spray | Sinclair Animal & Household Care Ltd | UK National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM-GSL) | ||||||
Beaphar Ear Drops Solution | Sinclair Animal & Household Care Ltd | UK National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM-GSL) | |||||||
Johnson's Anti Pest Insect Spray | Johnsons Veterinary Products Ltd | UK National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM-GSL) | |||||||
Pets with Wilko Insectidal Shampoo | Sinclair Animal and Household Care Ltd | UK National authorisation | Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM-GSL) | |||||||
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Formulated for topical application such as cutaneous sprays, shampoos and powders |
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14.3 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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Not applicable | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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164 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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179 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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5.62 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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4.75 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.06 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
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2.00 X 10-02 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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2.30 X 10-06 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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50.39 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.497-1.507 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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- |
Degradation |
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13 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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250 | H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Persistent | |||||||
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Stable pH 5 to pH 9 at 25 °C | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | W3 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal. Dataset no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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89125 | ||||||||||
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Other data: Koc range 399-830 mL g⁻¹ (L3) | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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-1.06 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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260 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Lepomis macrochinis3 = Unverified data of known source |
Threshold for concern | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 7220 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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30 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat 2 yr2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
High | |||||||
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- | - | |||||||||
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> 2250 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Colinus virginianus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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294 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | |||||||
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> 1644 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Coccinella septempunctata Adult4 = Verified data |
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> 1.71 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chrysoperla carnea Larva4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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5.3 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Cyprinidae spp.3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3.84 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio Embryo3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.51 | J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.12 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna LOEC3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.24 | K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) Unknown species3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 7220 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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1880 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rabbit3 = Unverified data of known source |
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> 5.9 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LDLo = 1000 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.2 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) JMPR 19954 = Verified data |
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None allocated | F5 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) JMPR 20025 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Majority of dose eliminated in faeces | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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Possible liver toxicant IARC Group 3 carcinogen - not classifiable; US EPA - possible human carcinogen; Some sources dispute carcinogenicity |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 |
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Health: H330, H361 Environment: H400, H410 |
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U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard) | |||
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UN3082 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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piperonyl butoxide | ||
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pipéronyl butoxyde | ||
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Piperonylbutoxid | ||
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piperonylbutoxyd | ||
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piperonil butossido | ||
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butoxido de piperonilo | ||
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- | ||
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piperonyl butoksydu | ||
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piperonylbutoxid | ||
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Record last updated: | 24/10/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |