Propoxur (Ref: OMS 33) |
Last updated: 21/08/2024 |
(Also known as: arprocarb; PHC; propotox; ENT 25671) |
SUMMARY |
Propoxur is a carbamate pesticide. With a high aqueous solubility, it has potential for being mobile in groundwaters although it is rarely reported. It is not highly volatile. In some situations it may persist in soil systems. It is highly toxic to humans if it is ingested but no other serious health issues have been identified. There are gaps in information relating to the toxicity of propoxur to biodiversity but based on information that is available it likely to be moderately to highly toxic. |
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An obsolete carbamate mode of actioninsecticide and acaricide active against a wide range of pests | |
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Current | |
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1959, introduced;1963, first registered US | |
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Used to eradicate external paraistes such as lice, fleas and ticks | |
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Domestic animals including cats & dogs; Agricultural livestock |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₁H₁₅NO₃ | |
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CC(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)NC | |
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- | |
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ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C11H15NO3/c1-8(2)14-9-6-4-5-7-10(9)15-11(13)12-3/h4-8H,1-3H3,(H,12,13) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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propoxur | - |
General status |
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Insecticide, Acaricide | |
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Carbamate insecticide; Carbamate acaricide; Phenyl methylcarbamate insecticide; Phenylk methylcarbamate acaricide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. | |
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[Cholinesterase, Inhibitor] | |
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114-26-1 | |
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204-043-8 | |
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80 | |
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047802 | |
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4944 | |
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006-016-00-4 | |
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Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Ecoparasiticides, insecticides & repellents | |
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QP53AE02 | |
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No | |
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- | |
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209.24 | |
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- | |
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2-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate | |
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2-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl methylcarbamate | |
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Marine Pollutant | |
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- | |
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White crystalline solid |
Formulations |
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Beaphar Flea Spray | Beaphar (UK) Ltd | Not licensed | Not licensed | ||||||
Bolfo 0.25% Flea Spray | Bayer plc | Not licensed | Not licensed | |||||||
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- |
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1800 | H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database. Dataset is no longer available. 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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200000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Isopropanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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94000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Toluene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1300 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Hexane3 = Unverified data of known source |
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90 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Decomposes on distillation | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.38 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.14 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.18 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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1.3 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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1.50 X 10-04 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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- |
Degradation |
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79 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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30 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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28 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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0.01 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Fast | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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180 | K3 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Persistent | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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2 | K4 K = Research datasets (e.g. Pandora, Demetra; these datasets no longer available). Norman Ecotoxicology database. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Fast | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Mobile | |||||||
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30 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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3.65 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low risk | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rapid aquatic degradation3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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- | - | Photolysis |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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dimethyl propoxus | - | Plant | 0.27-0.36 |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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95 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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- | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat 2 yr2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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200 | - | |||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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> 25.9 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) Colinus virginianus4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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< 0.112 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera 24 hr3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | |||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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> 1.35 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | |||||||
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> 1.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Bombus terrestris4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Harmful | AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 Chrysoperla carnea2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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6.2 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Lepomis macrochirus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.15 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.016 | P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Daphnia magna survival 42 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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38.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus riparius 1 day3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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95 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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5000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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> 0.50 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 30 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intramuscular LD₅₀ = 53 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.02 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Absorbed through skin but in humans it is emininated, as its major metabolite 2-isopropoxyphenol (IPP), via urine within 24 hr of application | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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Toxic US EPA - probable human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Weak estrogenic effect |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6,1 | |||
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Health: H301 Environment: H400, H410 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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UN2757 | |||
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propoxur | ||
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propoxur | ||
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Propoxur | ||
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propoxur | ||
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propoxur | ||
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propoxur | ||
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propoxur | ||
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propoksur | ||
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propoxur | ||
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Record last updated: | 21/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |