Sabadilla (Ref: ENT 123 ) |
Last updated: 12/06/2024 |
(Also known as: veratrine; cevadine; veracevine; Schoenocaulon officinale seed alkaloids; Cevadilla; Caustic barley; veratridine; sabadilline) |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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Warning: Significant data are missing |
Warning: Significant data are missing |
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Naturally occurring alkaloids derived from the dried ripe seeds of Schoenocaulon officinale and used to control thrips. Now largely obsolete. | |
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Mainly used to control thrips and other mites but shows some activity against other pests such as harlequin bugs, squash bugs, blister beetles, fleas | |
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Citrus; Avocado; Mangos; Non-food and external areas | |
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Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries | |
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circa 1970, introduced | |
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UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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USA |
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Chemical structure |
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A complex molecule with multiple chiral centres | |
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C₆₈H₁₀₀N₂O₂₀ | |
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CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(C3C1(OC24CC5(C6CN7CC(CCC7C(C6(C(CC5(C4CC3)O)O)O)(C)O)C)O)O)C.CC1CCC2C(C3(C(CC4(C5CCC6C7(C5(CC4(C3CN2C1)O)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O | |
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C/C=C(/C)\C(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]3[C@@]1(O[C@@]24C[C@]5([C@@H]6CN7C[C@H](CC[C@H]7[C@@]([C@]6([C@H](C[C@]5([C@@H]4CC3)O)O)O)(C)O)C)O)O)C.C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@]([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]4([C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C[C@]4([C@@H]3CN2C1)O)O[C@@]6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O | |
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VRNFXUOQGOAQBZ-DYXAMGHASA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C36H51NO11.C32H49NO9/c1-19-6-11-26-31(3,40)35(43)25(17-37(26)16-19)33(42)18-34-24(32(33,41)15-27(35)38)10-9-23-30(34,2)13-12-28(36(23,44)48-34)47-29(39)20-7-8-21(45-4)22(14-20)46-5;1-6-18(3)25(35)41-24-11-12-26(4)19-8-9-20-28(37)13-23(34)31(39)21(29(28,38)16-30(20,26)42-32(19,24)40)15-33-14-17(2)7-10-22(33)27(31,5)36/h7-8,14,19,23-28,38,40-44H,6,9-13,15-18H2,1-5H3;6,17,19-24,34,36-40H,7-16H2,1-5H3/b;18-6-/t19-,23-,24-,25-,26-,27-,28-,30-,31+,32+,33+,34+,35-,36-;17-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23-,24-,26-,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,32-/m00/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide, Miticide | |
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Plant-derived substance | |
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Natural | |
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Non-systemic, contact action that activates the sodium channel of the insects nerve membranes | |
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Substance derived from the seeds of the Sabadilla plant (Schoenocaulon officinale) found in Central and South America | |
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Seeds are crushed and concentrated such that around a 4% concentration of alkaloids is achieved | |
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Crop protection | |
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Mainly used to control thrips and other mites but shows some activity against other pests such as harlequin bugs, squash bugs, blister beetles, fleas | |
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Citrus; Avocado; Mangos; Non-food and external areas | |
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Suitable for use in all farming systems where approved for use in that country | |
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8051-02-3 | |
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None allocated | |
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002201 | |
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No data | |
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1265.542 | |
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sabidilla | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not known | |
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Not applicable | |
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Powdery solid |
Formulations |
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Veratran D | Dunhill | ||||
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Usually supplied as wettable powders, and water soluble concentrates that are used as an aqueous spray |
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12500 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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150 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Decomposes before boiling | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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167 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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7.94 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.9 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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9.54 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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97000 | ||||||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 4000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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17.8 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Unknown species3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 12.33 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera4 = Verified data |
Moderate | |||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 4000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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> 2.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 10 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 7.5 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Readily absorbed through the skin | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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No further information available |
Handling issues |
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IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 | |||
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Not classified: Obsolete (Not classified: Obsolete) | |||
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UN1544 | |||
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Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
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sabadilla | ||
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Veratrin | ||
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Record last updated: | 12/06/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |