Strychnine |
Last updated: 24/08/2024
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(Also known as: Sanaseed) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A rodentide and avicide that can be used to control various rodents and bird pests including moles, squirrels, mice, pigeons and sparrows |
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Gophers and other rodents |
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Gophers and other rodents |
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- |
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Current |
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17th Century, first recorded use as a rodenticide |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Strychnine is a complex molecule with seven chiral centres |
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C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₂ |
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C1CN2CC3=CCOC4CC(=O)N5C6C4C3CC2C61C7=CC=CC=C75 |
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C1CN2CC3=CCO[C@H]4CC(=O)N5[C@H]6[C@H]4[C@H]3C[C@H]2[C@@]61C7=CC=CC=C75 |
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QMGVPVSNSZLJIA-FVWCLLPLSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C21H22N2O2/c24-18-10-16-19-13-9-17-21(6-7-22(17)11-12(13)5-8-25-16)14-3-1-2-4-15(14)23(18)20(19)21/h1-5,13,16-17,19-20H,6-11H2/t13-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1 |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
strychnine |
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Rodenticide, Avicide |
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Plant-derived substance |
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Natural |
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Neurotoxin: antagonist to the neurotransmitter glycine, acting on the spinal cord |
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A toxic plant alkaloid found in the seeds of Strychnos or Loganiaceae spp. found predominately in southern Asia |
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Isolated directly from seeds of Strychnos or Loganiaceae spp. using a liquid-liquid extraction process |
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Pest control |
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Gophers and other rodents |
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Gophers and other rodents |
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- |
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57-24-9 |
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200-319-7 |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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334.4 |
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strychnidin-10-one |
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strychnidin-10-one |
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strychnidin-10-one |
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Chemical subject to PIC regulations |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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White crystalline solid |
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143 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate |
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5600 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Benzene |
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6700 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethanol |
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200000 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Chloroform |
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Decomposes on melting |
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Decomposes before boiling |
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270 |
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1.00 X 1004 |
Calculated |
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4.0 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High |
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- |
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1.36 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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8.26 |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
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None
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21,22-epoxide |
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Rat (urine) |
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strychnine N-oxide |
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Rat (urine) |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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16.0 |
Rat |
High |
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> 200 |
Anas platyrhynchos |
Moderate |
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> 50 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate |
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0.760 |
Lepomis macrochirus |
Moderate |
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10.0 |
Daphnia magna |
Moderate |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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16.0 |
Rat |
High |
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Intramuscular LD₅₀ = 1.4 mg kg⁻¹ |
Rat |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 1.1 mg kg⁻¹ |
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
No data found |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
No data found |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
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Highly toxic if ingested or inhalation CNS and cardiovascular toxicant Convulsant |
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Will emit toxic substances on combustion |
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Ib (Highly hazardous) |
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strychnine |
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Strychnin |
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Stricnina |
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Estricnina |
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Record last updated: |
24/08/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |