Frontalin |
Last updated: 16/05/2024
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(Also known as: Beetle aggregation pheromone; Douglas fir beetle aggregation pheromone) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A volatile substance used, often in mixtures with other compounds, as an attractant and lure for fir, spruce and pine beetles |
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Douglas fir bark beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsuga); Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis); Spruce neetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) |
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Fir; Pine; Spruce |
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- |
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Current |
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1969, report of first isolation |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Frontalin is a chiral molecule with two asymmetric centres. |
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C₈H₁₄O₂ |
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CC12CCCC(O1)(OC2)C |
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C[C@@]12CCC[C@@](O1)(OC2)C |
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AZWKCIZRVUVZPX-JGVFFNPUSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C8H14O2/c1-7-4-3-5-8(2,10-7)9-6-7/h3-6H2,1-2H3/t7-,8+/m0/s1 |
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Yes |
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Insecticide, Semiochemical |
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Pheromone |
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>95% |
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- |
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Natural |
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Functions as an insect attractant - aggregation distruption |
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One of several components isolated from the Douglas fir bark beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsuga) and other Coleoptera beetles |
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Synthesised for commerical use and used in mixtures with other chemical attractants |
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Forestry |
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Douglas fir bark beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsuga); Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis); Spruce neetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) |
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Fir; Pine; Spruce |
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- |
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28401-39-0 |
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- |
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- |
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121201 |
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- |
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142.20 |
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- |
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(1S,5R)-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane |
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(1S,5R)-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not known |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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Colourless to pale yellow liquid |
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Douglas Fir Beetle Tree Bait |
Cultivar agriculture |
Mountain Pine Beetle Tree Bait |
Forestry Distributing |
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Usually supplied in slow release formulations and dispensers |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 2500 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected. |
Low |
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> 1000 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Expert judgement |
Low |
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> 100 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Expert judgement |
Low |
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> 100 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected. |
Low |
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> 100 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected. |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
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No adverse human health issues identified |
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No information available |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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frontalin |
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frontaline |
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Record last updated: |
16/05/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |