Alpha-pinene |
Last updated: 19/05/2024
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(Also known as: Tea tree oil extract; Oil of Melaleuca; TTO; monoterpenes) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A component (1-6%) of Tea tree oil which is used to control various fungal pathogens on a wide range of crops |
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Various fungal pathogens including powdery mildew and early blight |
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Potatoes; Carrots; Tomatoes; Cucumbers; Fruit; Ornamentals |
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Current |
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1920s, Tea tree oil first reported |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved (as Tea tree oil) |
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Poland/Bulgaria |
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31/08/2023 |
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No |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
✓ |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Pinene has two structural isomers (α-pinene and β-pinene) and both isomers have enantiomers such as (−)-α-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene and (+)-β-pinene |
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C₁₀H₁₆ |
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CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C |
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No data |
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GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-6-9(7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3 |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
alpha-pinene |
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Fungicide |
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Plant-derived substance |
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- |
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- |
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Natural |
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Tea tree oil appears to disrupt the permeability barrier of microbial cell membrane structures, causing loss of chemiosmotic control. |
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Tea tree oil was first used in the 18th Century by Australia indiginous people as a natural remedy to treat various ailments |
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Tea tree oil is harvested by steam extraction from the leaves and branches of tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia |
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Crop protection |
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Various fungal pathogens including powdery mildew and early blight |
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Potatoes; Carrots; Tomatoes; Cucumbers; Fruit; Ornamentals |
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Tea tree oil is suitable for use in all farming systems where approved for use in that country |
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80-56-8 |
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201-291-9 |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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136.24 |
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- |
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2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene |
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α-pinene |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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Clear liquid |
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Timorex |
BioMor Latvija |
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Tea tree oil is usually supplied as an emulsifable concentrate that is diluted and used as a foliar spray |
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2.49 |
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Low |
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156 |
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6.76 X 1004 |
Calculated |
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4.83 |
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High |
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Not applicable |
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No dissociation |
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6.32 X 1005 |
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Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Non-mobile |
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6495 |
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EU dossier - estimated |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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3700 |
Rat |
Low |
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> 1000 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Expert judgement |
Low |
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> 100 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Expert judgement |
Low |
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41.0 |
Daphnia magna |
Moderate |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Low (class I) |
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3700 |
Rat |
Low |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
No data found |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
No data found |
No data found |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
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No further information available |
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Not explosive or oxidising Flammable IMDG Transport Hazard Class 3 |
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Health: H302, H304, H315, H317, H318 Handling: H226 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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UN2368 |
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
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alpha-pinene |
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Record last updated: |
19/05/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |