Medlure |

Last updated: 23/08/2025
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(Also known as: mediterranean fruit fly pheromone) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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Substance used as an attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and other dipterans. |
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Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) |
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Fruit; Ornamentals; Vegetables; Nuts |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Medlure exhibits stereoisomerism, specifically cis-trans isomerism and chirality, due to its cyclohexane ring structure and multiple chiral centres. The molecule can exist in several stereoisomeric forms depending on the spatial arrangement of its substituents around the ring. Commercial medlure is typically synthesised as a mixture of four major trans isomers, which are more biologically active in attracting Mediterranean fruit flies. |
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C₁₂H₂₁ClO₂ |
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CCC(C)OC(=O)C1CCC(CC1C)Cl |
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No data |
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CVDTYSSDCJAEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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InChI=1S/2C12H21ClO2/c1-4-9(3)15-12(14)11-6-5-10(13)7-8(11)2;1-4-9(3)15-12(14)11-7-10(13)6-5-8(11)2/h2*8-11H,4-7H2,1-3H3 |
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Yes |
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Insecticide; Semiochemical |
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Pheromone |
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- |
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- |
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Natural |
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Pheromone |
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Substance used as an attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) |
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Crop protection |
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Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) |
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Fruit; Ornamentals; Vegetables; Nuts |
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- |
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13929-18-5 |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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20056429 |
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465.49 |
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- |
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(+/-)-sec-butyl 4(or 5)-chloro-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate |
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1-methylpropyl 4(or 5)-chloro-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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UNM |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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Current |
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Formulated into products for pheromone traps |
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Medlure is commercially produced through chemical synthesis due to the impracticality of harvesting it from natural sources. It is typically synthesised as a mixture of isomers, by constructing the cyclohexane ring with the correct substituents and stereochemistry, followed by purification steps to isolate the desired isomeric forms. |
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While exact CO₂e values are not published for specific pheromones, some general information is available. The PHERA reported that biotechnological production (e.g. yeast fermentation) of pheromones can reduce GHG emissions by up to 90% compared to traditional chemical synthesis and GHG emissions are typically in the 5 to 10 kg CO₂e per kg of pheromone produced. Other sources suggest that small scale pheromone synthesis typically has emissions in the range 1 – 3 kg CO₂e per kg of pheromone produced. |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat |
Low |
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> 5000 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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> 1000 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Expert judgement |
Low |
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> 100 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Expert judgement |
Low |
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> 100 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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> 100 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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> 5000 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat |
Low |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
?Possibly, status not identified |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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?Possibly, status not identified |
No data found |
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No serious adverse effects identified |
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No information available |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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medlure |
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medlure |
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Record last updated: |
23/08/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |