D-fructose |
Last updated: 24/10/2024
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(Also known as: D-fructopyranose; D-fructopyranoside; fructose; sugar) |
Fructose is a natural sugar that does not have pesticidal properties but which can act as an Elicitor, enhancing the plants natural defence system against boring insects. Whilst data is scant, fructose is not a substance of environmenal or toxicological concern when used for plant protection purposes. |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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Fructose is a natural sugar that does not have pesticidal properties but which can act as an Elicitor, enhancing the plants natural defence system against boring insects. It is also used as an insect attractant |
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Boring insects such Cydia pomonella |
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Apples; Pear |
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Current |
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EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved |
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- |
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Open ended |
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No |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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D-fructose is one of three stuctural isomers (glucose, galactose and fructose) |
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C₆H₁₂O₆ |
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C1C(C(C(C(O1)(CO)O)O)O)O |
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C1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(O1)(CO)O)O)O)O |
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LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-2-6(11)5(10)4(9)3(8)1-12-6/h3-5,7-11H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6?/m1/s1 |
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Yes |
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Insecticide, Other substance |
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Attractant, Elicitor |
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Plant-derived substance |
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Food grade purity |
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- |
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Natural |
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Stimulates plant natural defence systems. Attracts insects to improve pesticide exposure. |
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Natural fruit sugar |
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D-fructose can be synthesised from fructans, such as inulin and levan |
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Crop protection |
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Boring insects such Cydia pomonella |
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Apples; Pears |
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- |
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57-48-7 |
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200-333-3 |
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- |
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- |
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2723872 |
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180.16 |
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β-D-fructofuranose |
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(3S,4R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol |
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β-D-fructofuranose |
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Approved via EU & UK 'Basic substance' legislation (Article 28 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009); Some applications may be approved under the GB Biocide Products Regulations |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not known |
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Not applicable |
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None |
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White crystalline solid with sweet taste |
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4000000 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High |
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103 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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No risks identified |
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No risks identified |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
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Fructose is not a substance of significant toxicological concern when used for crop protection Fructose is linked to obesity and diabetes |
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Not explosive or oxidising |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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D-fructose |
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Record last updated: |
24/10/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |