Caffeine |
Last updated: 28/05/2024
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(Not known by any other names) |
This is a plant-derived substance for which limited data is currently available. The substance is not commercially available as a pesticide but is currently subject to the EU regulatory risk assessment.. |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A plant alkaloid which has strong insecticidal and molluscicidal activity |
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Slugs; Snails |
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Brassicas; Potatoes; Ornamentals |
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- |
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- |
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Novel |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Pending |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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- |
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C₈H₁₀N₄O₂ |
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CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C |
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- |
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RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3 |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
caffeine |
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Insecticide, Acaricide, Molluscicide, Other substance |
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Food additive, Food supplement, Biocide |
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Plant-derived substance |
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98.5 |
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EFSA technical report: Arsenic < 3 mg kg⁻¹; Lead < 0.002% |
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Natural |
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Natural toxin which when consumed paralyses and kill insects |
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Naturally occurring substance commonly sourced from the coffee bean, tea leaves and cacao beans |
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Extracted from coffee beans |
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Crop protection |
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Slugs and snails |
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Brassicas; Potatoes; Ornamentals |
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- |
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58-08-2 |
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200-362-1 |
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- |
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- |
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2519 |
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194.19 |
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1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione |
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1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione |
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1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione |
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FEMA 2224 |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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Odourless white crystalline powder |
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- |
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Available in a variety of formulations including suspension concentrates for direct application and granules |
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2170 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source at 25°C |
High |
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235 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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178 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.23 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 433 |
Rat |
Moderate |
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> 150 |
Pimephales promelas
| Low |
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736 |
Danio rerio |
Low |
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177.5 |
Daphnia magna |
Low |
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> 150 |
Raphidocelis subcapitata |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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> 433 |
Rat |
Moderate |
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Rapidly eliminated in the urine |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
No data found |
No data found |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
No data found |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
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CNS stimulant May cause psychotropic effects Demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity |
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No information available |
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UN1544 |
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caffeine |
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Record last updated: |
28/05/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |