Bromomethane |
Last updated: 26/08/2024 |
(Also known as: methyl bromide; monobromomethane; methyl fume) |
SUMMARY |
Bromomethane is a multi-action plant protection agent used as a fumigant. It is highly soluble in water and highly volatile. It may be persistent in soil systems depending on local conditions but is not normally persistent in water systems. It tends to be moderately toxic to most fauna. Bromomethane is moderately toxic to mammals if ingested and is considered to be a reproduction/developmental toxin as well as being neurotoxic and an irritant. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A multiaction fumigant used to control insects, weeds, rodents and pathogens | |
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Termites; Rats; Mice; Nematodes; Soil-borne diseases; Weed seedlings | |
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Agricultural commodities; Non-agricultural situations including commercial structures; Grain elevators; Clothes; Furniture | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Current | |
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circa 1935, introduced | |
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- |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia, USA, Morocco |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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CH₃Br | |
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CBr | |
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- | |
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GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/CH3Br/c1-2/h1H3 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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bromomethane | - |
General status |
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Soil sterilant, Insecticide | |
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Fumigant pesticide; Halogenated aliphatic herbicide | |
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990 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Natural | |
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Respiratory action, highly toxic | |
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A naturally occurring component of the environment, with oceans representing the largest natural source. It is formed by algae and kelp. | |
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It is manufactured for agricultural and industrial use by treating methanol with bromine in the presence of sulphur or hydrogen suphfide | |
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Crop protection; General pest management | |
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Termites; Rats; Mice; Nematodes; Soil-borne diseases; Weed seedlings | |
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Agricultural commodities; Non-agricultural situations including commercial structures; Grain elevators; Clothes; Furniture | |
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- | |
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74-83-9 | |
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200-813-2 | |
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128 | |
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53201 | |
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6323 | |
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602-002-00-2 | |
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94.95 | |
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bromomethane | |
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bromomethane | |
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bromomethane | |
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Montreal Protocol agreed phase out; Marine Pollutant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN Bad Actor Chemical; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972 | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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8A | |
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Not known | |
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Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium confusum | |
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Colourless gas |
Formulations |
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Brom-O-Gaz | Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. | ||||
50-50 Preplant Soil Fumigan | Ameribrom Inc. | |||||
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Gaseous formulation used for fumigation treatments |
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13200 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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718000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
228100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Kerosene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
925000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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-93.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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3.56 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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8.13 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.91 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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3.97 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
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Not applicable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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No dissociation | |||||||||||
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190000000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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13625.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Volatile | ||||||||
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- | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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64 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Volatilisation is potentially a concern for short and long range air transport | ||||||||
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202nm = 3.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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55 | G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET. Available online but no longer updated. (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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1 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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30 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies estimated values DT₅₀ range 2.5-47 hours, DT₉₀ 30.8 days | ||||||||||
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4.8 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-12.3 days, 2 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=3 | ||||||||||
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12 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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pH and temperature sensitive | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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2.48 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Mobile | |||||||
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39 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 2.07-2.98 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 37.7-41.4 mL g⁻¹, Soils=4 | ||||||||||
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No |
Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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104 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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73 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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> 50 | L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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3.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.32 | P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Oryzias latipes3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.6 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Scenedesmus quadricauda5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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104 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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3.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (whole body)5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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100 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) default3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Acceptable if PPE/PPC used | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Mutagenic potential; Suspected of causing genetic defects Highly toxic Brain, kidney, respiratory toxicant IARC Group 3 carcinogen - not classifiable |
Handling issues |
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Highly corrosive,Flammable gas IMDG Transport Hazard Class 2 |
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Health: H301, H315, H319, H335, H341, H373 Environment: H400, H420 |
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Not classified: Fumigant (Not classified: Fumigant) | |||
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UN1581 | |||
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bromomethane | ||
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bromure de methyle | ||
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Methylbromid | ||
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methylbromid | ||
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bromuro di metile | ||
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bromuro de metil | ||
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methylbromide | ||
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bromek metylu | ||
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- | ||
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metil-bromid | ||
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broommethaan | ||
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- |
Record last updated: | 26/08/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |