Tylosin |
Last updated: 24/02/2024 |
(Also known as: tylosin A) |
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A macrolide broad spectrum natural antibiotic licensed for use in livestock | |
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Current | |
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1961, early use record | |
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Used for the treatment of various infections e.g. pneumonia, foot rot and shipping fever in cattle. Banned in EU as growth promotor; Not approved as a feed additive in EU | |
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Cattle; Pigs; Poultry |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₄₆H₇₇NO₁₇ | |
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CCC1C(C=C(C=CC(=O)C(CC(C(C(C(CC(=O)O1)O)C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)OC3CC(C(C(O3)C)O)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)C)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)OC)OC | |
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CC[C@@H]1C(/C=C(/C=C/C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H](C([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)O)C)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)O)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)\C)COC4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)OC)OC | |
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WBPYTXDJUQJLPQ-TZNGNTBMSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C46H77NO17/c1-13-33-30(22-58-45-42(57-12)41(56-11)37(52)26(5)60-45)18-23(2)14-15-31(49)24(3)19-29(16-17-48)39(25(4)32(50)20-34(51)62-33)64-44-38(53)36(47(9)10)40(27(6)61-44)63-35-21-46(8,55)43(54)28(7)59-35/h14-15,17-18,24-30,32-33,35-45,50,52-55H,13,16,19-22H2,1-12H3/b15-14+,23-18+/t24-,25+,26-,27-,28+,29+,30-,32-,33-,35+,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42-,43+,44+,45-,46-/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Feed additive, Growth promotor | |
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Macrolide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Natural | |
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Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis | |
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[50S ribosomal protein L10, Antagonist] | |
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1401-69-0 | |
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215-754-8 | |
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- | |
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- | |
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5280440 | |
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Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for systemic use, Antibacterials for intramammary use | |
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QJ01FA90; QJ51FA90 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: All food producing species) | |
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916.10 | |
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- | |
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2-[(4R,6S,7R,9R,11E,13E,16R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-16-ethyl-4-hydroxy-15-[[(3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5,9,13-trimethyl-2,10-dioxo-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-7-yl]acetaldehyde | |
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- | |
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Possible groundwater contaminant | |
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- | |
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White or off-white coloured powder | |
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Formulations |
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Bilosin 200 mg/ml injection | Bimeda Chemicals Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Pharmasin Granules for drinking water | Huvepharma N.V. | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Tylan Solution for Injection | Elanco Europe Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Tylucyl Solution for Injection | Vetoquinol UK Ltd | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
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Usually formulated as a solution for injection or as granules for use as a drinking water additive |
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5000 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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130 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2.57 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.41 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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13.0 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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2.63 X 10-29 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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2.0 X 10-26 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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UV max: approx 282nm | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Monitoring studies have identified this substance in livestock slurries |
Degradation |
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96 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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General literature varies: DT₅₀ >5 days to 95-97 days | ||||||||||
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5.0 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications DT₅₀ 4.2 days in slurry/sand & 5.7 days slurry/sandy loam; 4 = Verified data |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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52.4 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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3744 | ||||||||||
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Literatue data: Kd range 8.3-128 mL g⁻¹, Koc values range 553-7988 mL g⁻¹, soils=4 | ||||||||||
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4.4 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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323.7 | ||||||||||
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1.15 | ||||||||||
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Literatue data: Kf range 2.3-7.0 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 153.3-518.2 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 1.06-1.20, soils=4 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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2.95 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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4 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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dihydrodesmycosin | - | Animal | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 | P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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> 2122 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Gallus domesticus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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4710 mg kg feed⁻¹ | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Colinus virginianus3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4530 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Aporrectodea caliginosa4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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483 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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90 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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45.0 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Lemna gibba NOEC 7 day4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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1.38 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 600 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 600 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact | ||||||||||
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Excreted rapidly in urine. Also found in milk | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause diarrhoea and gastrointestinal disturbance |
Handling issues |
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When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxide | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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tylosin | ||
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tylosine | ||
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tilosina | ||
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Record last updated: | 24/02/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |