Erythromycin |
Last updated: 18/05/2024 |
(Also known as: EES; abomacetin; abomacetin; erythromycin A) |
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A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces erythreus and used in veterinary medicine | |
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Current | |
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1953, patented; 1968, first reviewed | |
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Used to treat a range of bacterial infections including mastitis, pneumonia, tick-borne infections like Lyme Disease, sinus infections, wound infections, skin infections, bone infections, and certain other types of bacterial infections | |
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Poultry; Cattle; Sheep; Pigs |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₃₇H₆₇NO₁₃ | |
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CCC1C(C(C(C(=O)C(CC(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O1)C)OC2CC(C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O | |
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CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O | |
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ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-UMCXFAKASA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C37H67NO13/c1-14-25-37(10,45)30(41)20(4)27(39)18(2)16-35(8,44)32(51-34-28(40)24(38(11)12)15-19(3)47-34)21(5)29(22(6)33(43)49-25)50-26-17-36(9,46-13)31(42)23(7)48-26/h18-26,28-32,34,40-42,44-45H,14-17H2,1-13H3/t18-,19+,20+,21+,22-,23+,24-,25-,26+,28+,29+,30-,31+,32-,34-,35-,36-,37-/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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erythromycin B trihydrate | Variant | |
erythromycin A dihydrate | Variant | |
erythromycin B dihydrate | Variant | |
erythromycin A | - |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Medicinal drug | |
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Macrolide | |
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FAO: N-demethyl-erythromycin A; anhydroerythromycin A; erythromycin A enol ether; pseudoerythromycin A enol ether, erythromycin E, erythromycin F | |
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Natural | |
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Inhibits protein synthesis which is the basis of this antimicrobial action | |
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[3S rRNA, Antagonist], [50S ribosomal protein L22, Antagonist], [50S ribosomal protein L4, Antagonist] | |
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114-07-8 | |
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204-040-1 | |
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Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for intramammary use | |
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QJ51FA01 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: All food producing species) | |
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733.93 | |
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- | |
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(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-{[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-1-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione | |
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White to slightly yellow crystalline solid, slightly hygroscopic | |
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Formulations |
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Erythrocin 16.5% w/w soluble powder for oral solution | Ceva Animal Health Ltd | UK National authorisation (IC) | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
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Often formulated as powders or oral use |
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2000 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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135 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources resolidifies MP(2) = 1903 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.02 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.48 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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8.88 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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@ 25DegC | |||||||||||
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pH 6.3: 280nm | - | - | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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64 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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USEPA data: >64 days in three soils - sandy clay loam, silty clay 7 silty loam | ||||||||||
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11 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Temp and OM dependent data for sandy loam+cattle manure 20°C3 = Unverified data of known source |
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63.0 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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at pH5 DT₅₀ 0.8 days; at pH9 DT₅₀ 35 days | ||||||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | V1 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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570 | ||||||||||
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Estimated | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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2.25 | Calculated | Transition state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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des-N-methyl-erythromycin Note: Major metabolite; Pharmacologically active |
- | Humans (Liver) | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 4600 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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349 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Morone saxatilis3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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30.5 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.25 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.11 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ceriodaphnia dubia4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 1000 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Lemna gibba as LOEC3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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0.02 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.01 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Selenastrum capricornutum4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 4600 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 427 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 426 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Largely (~95%) metabolised by the liver and excreted in the bile and to lesser extent the urine | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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Health issues |
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May cause diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting Reported cases of hearing impairment Kidney, liver and lungs toxicant |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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erythromycin | ||
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erythromycine | ||
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eritromicina | ||
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Record last updated: | 18/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |