Gentamicin |
Last updated: 15/05/2024 |
(Also known as: gentacycol; gentamycinum; gentamycin; crop antibiotic) |
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A veterinary aminoglycoside antibiotic drug used to treat a range of gram-negative bacterial infections usually as the sulphate salt. Gentamicin is composed of a number of related components which have varying degrees of antimicrobial potency. | |
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1963, discovered & isolated from Micromonospora purpurea | |
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Used to treat bacterial infections of the bloodstream, respiratory tract, skin, sinuses, ear canal and bladder | |
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Cats; Dogs; Horses; Pigs; Poultry |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₂₁H₄₃N₅O₇ | |
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CC(C1CCC(C(O1)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(CO3)(C)O)NC)O)N)N)N)NC | |
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CEAZRRDELHUEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C21H43N5O7/c1-9(25-3)13-6-5-10(22)19(31-13)32-16-11(23)7-12(24)17(14(16)27)33-20-15(28)18(26-4)21(2,29)8-30-20/h9-20,25-29H,5-8,22-24H2,1-4H3 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Medicinal drug | |
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Aminoglycoside substance; Micro-organism derived susbstance | |
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Semi-synthetic | |
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Broad spectrum, inhibits protein synthesis, | |
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[30S ribosomal protein S12, adduct], [16S rRNA, adduct], [Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2] | |
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1403-66-3 | |
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215-765-8 | |
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Alimentary tract & metabolism; Genito urinary system & sex hormones; Antiinfectants for systemic use | |
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QA07AA91; QG01AA91; QG51AA04; QJ51GB03 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Porcine) | |
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477.60 | |
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(3R,4R,5R)-2-{[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-{[(2R,3R,6S)-3-amino-6-[(1R)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy}-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol | |
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White to beige coloured, amorphous powder | |
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Formulations |
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Clinagel-Vet, gentamicin 0.30% w/w eye gel | Ecuphar n.v./s.a. | Not licensed | Not licensed | ||||||
Easotic Ear Drops Suspension for Dogs | Virbac S.A. | Not licensed | Not licensed | |||||||
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105 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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1.32 X 10-02 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-1.88 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 6600 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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> 25.4 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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2500 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oreochromus niloticus NOEC3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 6600 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 96 mg kg⁻¹ | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 735 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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No metabolism and excreted unchanged in the urine. Can cross the placenta. | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause anorexia, confusion, depression, disorientation and visual hallucinations May damage hearing Kidney toxicant |
Handling issues |
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When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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gentamicin | ||
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gentamicine | ||
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Gentamycin | ||
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gentamicina | ||
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Record last updated: | 15/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |