Gentamicin sulphate |
Last updated: 02/02/2024 |
(Also known as: gentamicin sulfate) |
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A veterinary aminoglycoside antibiotic drug used to treat a range of gram-negative bacterial infections. Gentamicin and so its variants are composed of a number of related components which have varying degrees of antimicrobial potency. | |
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1963, discovered & isolated from Micromonospora purpurea; 1977, first veterinary registrations USA | |
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Used to treat bacterial infections of the bloodstream, respiratory tract, skin, sinuses, ear canal and bladder | |
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Cats; Dogs; Horses; Pigs; Poultry |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₆₀H₁₂₅N₁₅O₂₅S | |
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CC(C1CCC(C(O1)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(CO3)(C)O)NC)O)N)N)N)N.CC(C1CCC(C(O1)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(CO3)(C)O)NC)O)N)N)N)NC.CC1(COC(C(C1NC)O)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(CCC(O3)CN)N)N)N)O.OS(=O)(=O)O | |
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C[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@](CO3)(C)O)NC)O)N)N)N)N.C[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@](CO3)(C)O)NC)O)N)N)N)NC.C[C@@]1(CO[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NC)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CC[C@H](O3)CN)N)N)N)O.OS(=O)(=O)O | |
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RDEIXVOBVLKYNT-HDZPSJEVSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C21H43N5O7.C20H41N5O7.C19H39N5O7.H2O4S/c1-9(25-3)13-6-5-10(22)19(31-13)32-16-11(23)7-12(24)17(14(16)27)33-20-15(28)18(26-4)21(2,29)8-30-20;1-8(21)12-5-4-9(22)18(30-12)31-15-10(23)6-11(24)16(13(15)26)32-19-14(27)17(25-3)20(2,28)7-29-19;1-19(27)7-28-18(13(26)16(19)24-2)31-15-11(23)5-10(22)14(12(15)25)30-17-9(21)4-3-8(6-20)29-17;1-5(2,3)4/h9-20,25-29H,5-8,22-24H2,1-4H3;8-19,25-28H,4-7,21-24H2,1-3H3;8-18,24-27H,3-7,20-23H2,1-2H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t9-,10-,11+,12-,13+,14+,15-,16-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+;8-,9-,10+,11-,12+,13+,14-,15-,16+,17-,18-,19-,20+;8-,9+,10-,11+,12-,13+,14+,15-,16+,17+,18+,19-;/m110./s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Medicinal drug | |
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Aminoglycoside substance; Micro-organism derived susbstance | |
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Semi-synthetic | |
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Broad spectrum, inhibits protein synthesis, | |
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[30S ribosomal protein S12, adduct], [16S rRNA, adduct], [Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2] | |
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1405-41-0 | |
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215-778-9 | |
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6419933 | |
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Alimentary tract & metabolism; Genito urinary system & sex hormones; Antiinfectants for systemic use | |
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QA07AA91; QG01AA91; QG51AA04; QJ51GB03 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Porcine) | |
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1488.8 (typical) | |
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(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3R,6S)-3-amino-6-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol;(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3R,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol;(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3R,6S)-3-amino-6-[(1R)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfuric acid | |
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White powdery solid | |
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Formulations |
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Usually formulated as a solution for injection |
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May be introduced into the environment via the faeces, urine and manure of treated animals |
Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 6600 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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> 5366 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Colinus virginians4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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912.8 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Colinus virginians4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 955 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhychus mykiss4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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955 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhychus mykiss4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 16.1 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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4.73 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 6600 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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No metabolism and excreted unchanged in the urine. Can cross the placenta. | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause anorexia, confusion, depression, disorientation and visual hallucinations May damage hearing Kidney toxicant |
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When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes | |||
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Health: H315, H317, H334, H361 Environment: H411 |
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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Chemically stable for around 2 years when stored as directed |
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gentamicin sulphate | ||
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Record last updated: | 02/02/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |