Selamectin |
![]() Last updated: 07/09/2025 |
![]() |
(Also known as: selamectine) |
|
![]() |
|
An avermectin, antiparasitic and anthelmintic veterinary drug | |
---|---|---|
|
Used for preventing heartworms and controlling fleas and is also used for treating ear mites and other parasites | |
|
Dogs; Cats; Ferrets; Rodents |
Approval status |
|
Approved - usually available as a prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |
---|---|---|
|
Approved |
Chemical structure |
|
Selamectin exhibits complex stereoisomerism, primarily due to its multiple chiral centres and double bonds with defined configurations. As a macrocyclic lactone derived from the avermectin family, its structure includes over a dozen stereocentres, each contributing to its three-dimensional conformation and biological activity. The molecule also contains geometric (cis-trans) isomerism around several double bonds, which are designated with specific E/Z configurations. | |
---|---|---|
|
C₄₃H₆₃NO₁₁ | |
|
CC1CCC2(CC3CC(O2)CC=C(C(C(C=CC=C4COC5C4(C(C=C(C5=NO)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)OC6CC(C(C(O6)C)O)OC)C)OC1C7CCCCC7 | |
|
C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]\5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C(/C5=N/O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O)OC)\C)O[C@@H]1C7CCCCC7 | |
|
AFJYYKSVHJGXSN-XHKIUTQPSA-N | |
|
InChI=1S/C43H63NO11/c1-24-11-10-14-30-23-50-40-36(44-48)27(4)19-33(43(30,40)47)41(46)52-32-20-31(16-15-25(2)38(24)53-35-21-34(49-6)37(45)28(5)51-35)54-42(22-32)18-17-26(3)39(55-42)29-12-8-7-9-13-29/h10-11,14-15,19,24,26,28-29,31-35,37-40,45,47-48H,7-9,12-13,16-18,20-23H2,1-6H3/b11-10+,25-15+,30-14+,44-36-/t24-,26-,28-,31+,32-,33-,34-,35-,37-,38-,39-,40+,42+,43+/m0/s1 | |
|
Yes |
General status |
|
Antiparasitic, Insecticide, Antihelminthic, Acaricide | |
---|---|---|
|
Avermectin | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Synthetic | |
|
Disables parasites by replacing glutamate in their muscle synapses. Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulator. | |
|
[Glutamate receptor 1, Antagonist] | |
|
165108-07-6 | |
|
220119-17-5 | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Endectocides | |
|
QP54AA05 | |
|
No | |
|
- | |
|
769.96 | |
|
- | |
|
(10E,14E,16E,21Z)-(1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'S,8R,12S,13S,20R,21R,24S)-6'-cyclohexyl-24-hydroxy-21-hydroxyimino-5',11,13,22-tetramethyl-2-oxo-(3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene)-6-spiro-2'-(tetrahydropyran)-12-yl 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-a-L-arabino-hexopyranoside | |
|
(5Z,25S)-25-cyclohexyl-4'-O-de(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-a-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-5-demethoxy-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro-5-(hydroxyimino)avermectin A1a | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Commercial |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Current | |||
|
2000, first introduced USA | |||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Usually supplied as a liquid and applied topically, often as a spot-on treatment | |||
|
The production of selamectin begins with the fermentation of a genetically modified strain of Streptomyces avermitilis to produce doramectin, the key precursor. Doramectin undergoes a series of chemical transformations: first, its C-5 hydroxyl group is oxidised to a carbonyl using manganese dioxide, minimising impurity formation. This intermediate is then subjected to a one-step oximation and desugaring using an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, which introduces the crucial oximino group and removes sugar moieties. The final step involves selective hydrogenation using Wilkinson’s catalyst and hydrogen gas to refine the molecule into selamectin. | |||
|
As microbial-based products tend to use fermentation-based production processes rather than chemical synthesis, they typically have a lower fossil fuel input in formulation and active ingredient creation, and also have reduced downstream emissions due to biodegradability and minimal soil disruption, their life-cycle GHG emissions are expected to be low. Whilst hard and precise data is not available, broad estimates suggest that typically emissions are likely to be below 5 kg CO₂e/kg. However, the semi-synthetic nature of the production process for this substance is likely to increase emissions. |
|
![]() |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0.435 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
1.41 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
|
3.15 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
2.0 X 10-11 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- |
Degradation |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
|
- |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-mobile | |||||||
|
213546 | ||||||||||
|
EU Veterinary document Koc range 24459 to 402633 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- |
Fate indices |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- | - |
Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
|
|
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
abamectin (Ref: MK 936) | - | - | - |
|
![]() |
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
> 1600 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Aquatic ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
266 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
0.000026 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
0.028 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Mysidopsis bahia3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
28.0 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Red algae3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - | |||
|
- | - | - |
|
![]() |
General |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 1600 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | |||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
In dogs: majority excreted in shed hair and faeces, remainder identified in urine and house/bedding rinse water | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- |
Health issues |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No further information available |
Handling issues |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9 | |||
|
- | |||
|
Not listed (Not listed) | |||
|
UN3077 | |||
|
Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
|
- |
|
![]() |
|
|
||
---|---|---|---|
|
selamectin | ||
|
selamectine | ||
|
Selamectin | ||
|
selamectin | ||
|
selamectin | ||
|
selamectina | ||
|
selamectin | ||
|
selamektyna | ||
|
selamectin | ||
|
selamectin | ||
|
- | ||
|
- |
Record last updated: | 07/09/2025 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |