Clavulanic acid |
Last updated: 13/01/2024 |
(Not known by any other names) |
|
|
A substance with weak antibacterial activity but used in conjunction with amoxycillin to treat many gram-positive and gram-negative, aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms | |
---|---|---|
|
Current | |
|
1974, discovered | |
|
It is mainly used to treat skin and soft tissue infections and periodontal (gum) disease | |
|
Cats; Dogs; Cattle; Pigs; Sheep |
Approval status |
|
Approved | |
---|---|---|
|
Approved |
Chemical structure |
|
Isomeric | |
---|---|---|
|
C₈H₉NO₅ | |
|
C1C2N(C1=O)C(C(=CCO)O2)C(=O)O | |
|
C1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)[C@H](/C(=C/CO)/O2)C(=O)O | |
|
HZZVJAQRINQKSD-PBFISZAISA-N | |
|
InChI=1S/C8H9NO5/c10-2-1-4-7(8(12)13)9-5(11)3-6(9)14-4/h1,6-7,10H,2-3H2,(H,12,13)/b4-1-/t6-,7-/m1/s1 | |
|
Yes |
General status |
|
Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Medicinal drug | |
---|---|---|
|
Penicillin related | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Natural | |
|
Broad spectrum. A beta-lactamase inhibitor | |
|
[Beta-lactamase, Inhibitor] | |
|
58001-44-8 | |
|
261-069-2 | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for systemic use | |
|
QJ01CR02 | |
|
No | |
|
Allowed substance (Table 1: Bovine, Porcine) | |
|
199.16 | |
|
- | |
|
(2R,5R,Z)- 3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)- 7-oxo- 4-oxa- 1-aza- bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane- 2-carboxylic acid | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Off-white crystalline powder | |
|
Formulations |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cladaxxa Chewable Tablets | Krka D.D. Novo Mesto | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Clavaseptin Palatable Tablets | Vetoiquinol UK Ltd | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Combiclay Suspension for Injection | Norbrook Laboratories Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Synuclay Tablets 50mg | Norbrook Laboratories Ltd | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
|
Usually supplied in chemable/palatable tablet form |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
300000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
117.5 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
9.12 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||
|
-2.04 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
2.7 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- |
Degradation |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
|
- |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- |
Fate indices |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Low risk | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources Based on LogP < 33 = Unverified data of known source |
Low risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- | - |
Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
|
|
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,5-dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid | - | Human | - | ||||
1-amino-4-hydroxybutan-2-one | - | Rat; Dog; Human | - |
|
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
> 2000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | - | |||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Aquatic ecotoxicology |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - |
|
General |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 2000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 1393 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 1399 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | |||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
Mainly eliminated unchanged in the urine | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- |
Health issues |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
May cause gastrointestinal problems May cause seizures, chest pain & irregular heartbeat |
Handling issues |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
No information available | |||
|
- | |||
|
Not listed (Not listed) | |||
|
- | |||
|
- | |||
|
- |
|
|
|
||
---|---|---|---|
|
clavulanic acid | ||
|
acide clavulanique | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
acido clavulanico | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- |
Record last updated: | 13/01/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |