Azithromycin |
Last updated: 29/04/2024 |
(Also known as: hemomycin) |
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A broad-spectrum antibiotic, derived from erythromycin. Also exhibits anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and gastrointestinal motility effects. | |
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Current | |
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1980, discovered Croatia; 1988, first introduced in market | |
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Used for a variety of bacterial, rickettsial, and parasitic infections including streptococci, staphylococci and bartonella henselae | |
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Dogs; Cats; Horses |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₃₈H₇₂N₂O₁₂ | |
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CCC1C(C(C(N(CC(CC(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O1)C)OC2CC(C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O | |
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CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O | |
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MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C38H72N2O12/c1-15-27-38(10,46)31(42)24(6)40(13)19-20(2)17-36(8,45)33(52-35-29(41)26(39(11)12)16-21(3)48-35)22(4)30(23(5)34(44)50-27)51-28-18-37(9,47-14)32(43)25(7)49-28/h20-33,35,41-43,45-46H,15-19H2,1-14H3/t20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,32+,33-,35+,36-,37-,38-/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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azithromycin dihydrate | Hydrate |
General status |
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Antibiotic | |
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Unclassified substance | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Inhibits protein synthesis by susceptible bacteria | |
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[Protein synthesis, Inhibitor] | |
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83905-01-5 | |
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104491-80-7; 142556-82-9 | |
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617-500-5 | |
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- | |
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- | |
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447043 | |
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Antibacterials for systemic use, macrolides | |
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QJ01FA10 | |
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No | |
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- | |
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749.0 | |
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(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | |
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(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | |
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Possible surface and groundwater pollutant. Identified in raw effluents. | |
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- | |
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Amorphous white powder | |
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Formulations |
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Zithromax | Pfizer | Not licensed | Not licensed | ||||||
Zmax | Pfizer | Not licensed | Not licensed | |||||||
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7.09 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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114 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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451 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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1.05 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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4.02 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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8.74 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | - | Slightly mobile | |||||||
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3100 | ||||||||||
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Q2 estimated | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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Known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 2000 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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General |
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> 2000 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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Pattern of use is unlikely to result in toxicological relevant exposure | |||||||||
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Pattern of use is unlikely to result in toxicological relevant exposure | ||||||||||
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Main excretion route is biliary as the unmetabolised drug | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause abdominal discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea Possible liver toxin |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H372, H334, H317 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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Not registered | |||
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Stable for around 4 years |
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azithromycin | ||
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Record last updated: | 29/04/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |