Alpha-endosulfan |
Last updated: 26/07/2024 |
(Also known as: endosulfan I) |
SUMMARY |
Alpha-endosulfan is an insecticide that is not generally approved for use in the developed world. It has some potential for bio-concentration, is highly toxic to mammals and a neurotoxin. Alpha-endosulfan has a low aqueous solubility and moderately. It is moderately persistent in the soil but has a low mobility. It is moderately toxic to birds and most aquatic species. |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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An insecticide and acaricide used to control sucking, chewing and boring insects | |
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Mites; Ticks; Tstetse fly; Colorado beetle; Aphids; White flies; Leaf hoppers | |
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Cotton; Potatoes; Tomatoes; Apples | |
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- | |
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- | |
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circa 1956, introduced |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Chemical structure |
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This is one of two isomers, endo and exo (also known as I and II) | |
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C₉H₆Cl₆O₃S | |
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C1C2C(COS(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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C1[C@@H]2[C@H](COS(=O)O1)[C@@]3(C(=C([C@]2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl | |
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RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-AZVNHNRSSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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enosulfan | Unstated isomer |
General status |
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Insecticide, Acaricide | |
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Organochloride insecticide; Cyclodiene insecticide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Synthetic | |
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Non-systemic with contact and stomach action. Non-competitive GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist. | |
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959-98-8 | |
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625-034-9 | |
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89 | |
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- | |
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12309460 | |
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602-052-00-5 | |
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406.93 | |
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an equimolar mixture of 2 asymmetric, twisted-chair conformers of (5aR,6S,9R,9aS)-6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide | |
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equimolar mixture of 2 asymmetric, conformers of (5aR,6S,9R,9aS)-6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide | |
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(3α,5αβ,6α,9α,9αβ)-6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5α,6,9,9α-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide | |
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POP candidate; OSPAR pfa/soc; WFD priority substance; Chemical subject to PIC regulations; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972 | |
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EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS surface waters: annual average 0.005 µg l⁻¹; max measured 0.01 µg l⁻¹ | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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2A | |
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Not applicable | |
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None identified | |
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Brown crystals | |
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Formulations |
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0.32 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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200000 | C3 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Ethyl acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
6500 | C3 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
24000 | C3 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Hexane3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
200000 | C3 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Toluene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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109.2 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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401.28 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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5.50 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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4.74 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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Soluble | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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8.3 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable | ||||||||
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1.48 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - |
Degradation |
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- | ||||||||||
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50 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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39 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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86 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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1.5 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published data RL₅₀ range 0.7-2.2 days, 4 field grown crops inc. peppers & tomatoes, various matrices, n=6 | ||||||||||
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1.4 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published data RL₅₀ range 0.2-2.7 days, 3 field grown crops inc. peppers & tea, various matrices, n=4 | ||||||||||
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20 | C3 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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[Wheat grain (dried): 97.1 days @ ~25 DegC, ~80% RH; Lab study] |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-mobile | |||||||
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11500 | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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-0.12 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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5.35 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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High | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-mobile | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2755 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Whole fish3 = Unverified data of known source |
Threshold for concern | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not available | - |
Known soil metabolites |
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- | - | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
None
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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38 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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111 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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14 | C3 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. Eisenia foetida3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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7.81 | C3 C = AGRITOX dataset. Dataset is no longer available. 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | |||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.002 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.44 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.24 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.1 | F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus riparius 2 day2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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0.96 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus dilutus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - | ||||||||
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2.15 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Anabaena doliolum3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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- | - | - |
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- | - | - |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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38 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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500 | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.013 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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List I | - | - | ||||||||
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Can be absorbed following ingestion, inhalation and skin contact | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Mutagenic potential Highly toxic Endocrine toxicant |
Handling issues |
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Corrosive IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 |
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II (Moderately hazardous) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Packaging Group II (moderate danger) | |||
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Chemically stable under standard ambient conditions |
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alpha-endosulfan | ||
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alphaendosulfan | ||
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alpha-Endosulfan | ||
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alpha-endosulfan | ||
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alfaendosulfan | ||
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alfaendosulfan | ||
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alfa endosulphan | ||
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alfa-endosulfan | ||
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- | ||
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alpha endoszulfan | ||
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alfa-endosulfan | ||
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- |
Record last updated: | 26/07/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |