Cinnamon oil |

Last updated: 25/08/2025
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(Also known as: cinnamon extract) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A plant derived essential oil which demonstrates antimicrobial activity and insect repellency. It contains various volatile substances including cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, anethole and 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde |
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Grey mold (Botrytis cinerea); Other fungal diseases including Verticillium spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Rhizoctonia spp., Aphids; Cockroaches; Mosquitoes |
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Aubergine; Mushrooms; Ornamentals |
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Class: Magnoliopsida; Order: Laurales; Family: Lauraceae |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Cinnamon oil is a complex mixture of organic compounds, many of which exist in isomeric forms. For example, Linalool has two enantiomers: (R)-linalool and (S)-linalool, limonene is a racemic mixture of D-limonene and L-limonene and pinene which is a racemic mix of pinene enantiomers. |
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No |
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Insecticide; Fungicide; Semiochemical; Nematicide; Other substance |
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Antimicrobial |
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Plant-derived substance; Plant oil |
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Natural; Complex mixture |
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Derived from plants of the genus Cinnamomum, predominately Cinnamomum verum and Cinnamomum cassia mainly found in Asia and Australia |
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Crop protection |
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Botrytis cinerea; Other fungal diseases including Verticillium spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Rhizoctonia spp., Aphids; Cockroaches; Mosquitoes |
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Aubergine; Mushrooms; Ornamentals |
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8015-91-6 |
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129066 |
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cinnamon extract |
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US GRAS |
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USEPA minimum risk pesticide |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Brown oily liquid |
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current |
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late 20th century, informal use recorded |
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- Rovensa Next North America
- Seipasa S.A.
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Often formulated with other essential oils and as ready-to use products |
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Commercial production of cinnamon oil involves a multi-stage process that begins with the cultivation of cinnamon trees. The oil is extracted from either the bark or leaves of the tree, depending on the desired type and quality. After harvesting, the bark is dried and ground into powder, while the leaves are cleaned and prepared for processing. The most common extraction method is steam distillation, where steam is passed through the plant material to release volatile compounds. The resulting vapour is condensed, separating the essential oil from water. For leaf oil, cold pressing may also be used, though it yields lower-quality oil. Once extracted, the oil undergoes quality control procedures including purity testing and contaminant screening. It is then refined, packaged, and distributed for use. |
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Data for specific plant oils is scarce. However, from publicly available data the carbon footprint of plant oils has been estimated at between 1.0 and 4.0 kg CO₂e per kg of oil. This depends on the plant oil content, agricultural practices and processing methods used. |
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Miscible |
Chloroforn |
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Miscible |
Ether |
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253 |
Cinnamaldehyde |
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30 |
Cinnamaldehyde |
Moderately persistent |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 2250 |
Rat Cinnamaldehyde |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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> 2250 |
Rat Cinnamaldehyde |
Low |
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1200 |
Rat Cinnamaldehyde |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E1 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 1 = Positive |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
?Possibly, status not identified |
?Possibly, status not identified |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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?Possibly, status not identified |
No data found |
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Toxic in large doses Mutagenic potential May cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal system |
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Combustible. Incompatible with oxidising agents and strong bases |
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Stable |
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cinnamon oil |
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Record last updated: |
25/08/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |